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LearninG Resources and Guides Blog

Managing pH in Aquaponics

6/30/2019

5 Comments

 

pH is arguably the most finicky aspect of an aquaponics system to manage. This is due to the fact that pH is an intrinsic property of the water that is affected by the fish, nitrifiers, and all the water additions we add so it's hard to manage all the factors individually.  Without the proper mix your system pH may shoot up or down drastically leaving you clueless and frustrated. 

One of the best practices to help you avoid the violent pH swings is simply to have a buffer. Buffers work by resisting the swings of pH through the dissociation of, in this case, carbonate and bicarbonate molecules. In layman's terms potassium and calcium, at certain pH levels, will separate from their respective carbonate groups, which can soak up the free hydrogen atoms that correspond to the pH. So, in practice Calcium Carbonate will want to keep a system at a pH of around 9 while Potassium Bicarbonate will want to stabilize around 6 (this is called the pKa). 

This works wonderfully for the aquaponic grower since you'd generally like a ratio of 4:1 of potassium to calcium which will keep the pH around 6.8-7. After then you can add half as much magnesium as you did calcium and that should balance the biggest ionic nutrients in an aquaponic system. The important properties of each nutrient is not their concentration but their respective ratios. This is true because the same ionic channels in the plant roots are responsible for Calcium and potassium, for example. Optimally, you'd want the right ratios of each nutrient interacting with the cellular channels, and this all happens by chance so it is, in the end, just a game of chance. 
To give yourself a fighting chance start with a well balanced solution. What I'd recommend is to start with rain water or Reverse Osmosis water which would have a pH of 5.5-6. From there make a 4:1 mixture of potassium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate and slowly add little by little to move the pH to 7. From there you can add half as much magnesium as you did calcium (this means keeping track of how much you added to achieve the pH of 7 and add 1/8 that amount in magnesium sulfate). From then on, it's just a matter of maintaining the desired pH 6.8-7 with additions of potassium and calcium as it is natural for a healthy system to drop in pH over time. 
To further ensure that your buffer is set up, measure the kH of your water. This is a measure of the alkalinity which is affected by the amount of carbonates in your system. Our systems run between a kH of 5 and 10 and we have never experienced a wild pH swing, even in our small ten gallon systems which are more susceptible to erratic pH changes.

Finally, we like to keep the input factors that affect pH to a minimum as they can also affect other nutrient levels. For this reason we don't like adding phosphoric acid unless for some reason we want to  drop the pH just a little. If your pH is very high (above 8) we need to first reduce kH to 0 (we did this once when we used well water with a kH of 16 and pH of 8.5) with muriatic acid so you don't end up adding a ridiculous amounts of phosphorus to your system. To supplement phosphate we simply use a dual root zone method. Unfortunately this method is  more difficult for the traditional deep water cultures, but in media beds it is perfect. This is done by placing a soil-filled burlap sack an inch above the highest water level in a media bed which allows us to add in chelated iron, rock phosphate and other rhizosphere-amplifying goodies directly into the soil pot. The nutrients are not washed away by the water, don't affect pH and the plant is able to access them as needed. We highly recommend the dual root zone method especially for any fruiting/flowering plants.

In Summary:

Keep your kH between 4-10. 
To lower your pH if it's 8+ use Muriatic Acid
To lower your pH if it's below 8 use Phosphoric Acid
To raise your pH without affecting the kH use Potassium Silicate
To raise your pH and your kH use Potassium Bicarbonate or Calcium Carbonate

Cheers and Good Growing!
5 Comments

The Truth About Aquaponics

6/28/2019

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There's not a lot of information about aquaponics out there and I've noticed that in order to gain a lot of attention, the information shelled out can be over exaggerated or embellished. Before I talk about what aquaponics ISN'T I'd like to say first what it IS. 
Aquaponics is, at its core, an agricultural method. This method isn't an exemption pass to all the forethought of garden design. It does however mitigate a large percentage of labor and resources involved in agriculture. It uses far less water, requires much less additions of nutrients, allows you to virtually ignore soil related work and problems  all while growing the plants at higher densities and grow rates. Nature constantly reminds us that there is no free lunch; everything has a price. This is certainly true with aquaponics as you are responsible for the wellbeing and growth of fish. Fortunately for the farmer, fish aren't exceptionally hard to take care of as long as you keep their tank and water comfortably clean so the tradeoff between the benefits and additional work isn't a tough call to make for many. 
What aquaponics ISN'T is a fool-proof, so-easy-your-dog-can-do-it technology that basically grows your vegetables and fruit for you. While a well kept and properly established aquaponic system can certainly give that illusion, the road to that goal is one of learning, adapting, and most importantly observation. You still have to use integrated pest management; that is to say think about your systems surroundings and consider temperature, light, humidity, and other factors that may affect your fish or plants. Include plants that attract beneficial insects and group together synergistic plants like legumes and veggies of many varieties to lessen the chance that one disease decimates your entire garden. These caveats may be off putting to those who want the benefits of a garden without the work, but the labour itself can have you reap other rewards. It teaches observation and the effectiveness of giving direction your efforts. It teaches patience and commitment to a goal that may take months to achieve (especially in the case of fruits). It teaches you the incredibly invaluable lesson of how to fail. While I by no means wish to dishearten, as a small aquaponic system can realistically be maintained with a maximum of 20 minutes a day, there will be moments of failure that are opportunities to grow and instrumental to learning.
The most important and final caution I want to impart is that aquaponics is extremely addictive! Once you start making progress and see how powerful your effort can be, you'll never want to stop. So, for those wanting to give aquaponics a shot I say to you: there is no time like the present. If you encounter problems or need guidance we'd be happy to be a helpful friend along the way.
​
Cheers and Good Growing
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Integrated Aquaponics

6/26/2019

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Looking at the trend of trends, I think it is only now in this recent decade that environmentalism and sustainability have been brought to the forefront of design, both architecturally and for consumer products. Without getting obnoxiously into how I think corporate-funded media tries so hard to convince us that the consumer can solve massive industrial pollution, I do believe that efforts can be made on the home-front that could provide unprecedented levels of healthful food production and incite massive change in the agricultural and logistical behemoth that is the food industry.

What I'm talking about is what I call integrated aquaponics, which is to say aquaponics that is incorporated into structures to foster a natural circular path of energy. Let me paint a picture of an example I have had in my head, but be warned, I find that thinking in terms of numbers give you a more concrete thought so bear with me through the math.

A small insulated room of 7' x 6' located anywhere convenient on floor level (unless you're willing to spend a hefty sum to support at least 5 tons of water weight) can be made to comfortably hold 1000 gallons in a specialized tank about 6 feet in height. With proper aquaculture practices you can hold about 150 tilapia or other types of edible fish, feeding them high quality feed at a dollar per half pound (this translate about 0.60 USD per day for the food of 1000 fish). With this amount of fish it is possible to have around about 150 cubic feet of grow bed. It has been documented (https://portablefarms.com/2019/feed-5-portable-farm/) that it is possible to feed a family of five with 125 cubic feet of growbed. Through thoughtful design this should not be prohibitively expensive due to the fact that an aquaponic system is fairly simple in concept: Water flows from the fish tank to a filter, then to the growbeds. A sump pump that can fill all 1000 gallons of growbed 4 times to 8 times an hour will cost $200 dollars at most and all electricity used by the pump and filtration system can more than compensated for with a 1 kwh solar or wind system. Solar is expensive but assuming that 15 watts can be generated per cubic foot for panels with efficiency ratings of around ~16%, you would only need about 70 cubic feet of solar panels for 140 cubic feet of growbed. While this can be expensive at around 1,000 to 1,500 USD the return of investment happens pretty quickly if you consider the fact that a family of 5 may be spending around 700 USD on groceries every month (https://growingslower.com/how-much-should-you-budget-for-groceries/). It must be said that these numbers and prices I use are in no way in stone. I simply think it helps to form a mental "sketch" that gives me a perspective to see the plausibility and practicality (or lack thereof) of my thoughts. 

The bottom line is that aquaponics can definitely be incorporated into the house of the future with solar tubes bringing powerful sunlight onto aesthetic aquaponic growbeds or living walls full of fresh produce ready to eat. The first steps will be difficult, and probably not cost efficient until two or three years of tinkering and getting the system well cycled, inoculated and producing optimally but the goal is revolutionary. This design aims to decentralize where food comes from to lessen the load on massive mono-culture farms on dwindling arable land. Image a neighborhood of these houses. Each house would be a biosphere providing an incredible diversity of food that could be shared and traded with neighbors or sold at a local food market. Additionally, all the solid waste caught in a house's aquaponic filtration system could be easily sent to an outside re-mineralization tank to become wonderful fertilizer for an outside garden. 
In addition to a possible 20-30 lbs of fresh fish a month, the system will inherently require good airflow and comfortable humidity in the home. This has the added effect of focusing the design process to the overall comfort and freshness of the environment within a living space. The indoors would have to be bright and sunny during the day and glowing in the moonlight by night removing elements of home that separate us from nature and the cycle of the sun. With a passionate designer, patient and hardworking builders, and skillful architects the possibilities are truly endless. 


Cheers and Good Growing,
Javier

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Documenting the Kodaponics Grow

6/24/2019

1 Comment

 
The Kodaponic blog's purpose is to document how we grow and share the trials and success we encounter along the way. Additionally any interesting  aquaponic news and research will be posted here, as well as resources that help us (and hopefully you!). Today I'll start of with resources:
​
I've been professionally involved in Aquaponics for a little over 3 years and worked in food science research throughout college so I wanted to compile some of my favorite resources that taught me a lot of invaluable tips and techniques. I'm interested in what you all have been reading and eager to learn more! Here are my favorite in no particular order:
  1. Aquaponic Design Plans by David H. Dudley
  2. Hydroponic Food Production by Howard M. Resh
  3. Aquaponic Gardening by Sylvia Bernstein (best for the absolute beginner)
  4. Growing With Fishes Podcast by Potentponics (also on youtube) *emphasis on cannabis but extremely useful for aquaponics overall.
  5. Bright Agrotech youtube channel
  6. Dr. Lennard's Aquaponic Fact Sheets
Also, sort of unrelated to aquaponics but useful nonetheless:
  1. Growing Gourment and Medicinal Mushrooms by Paul Stamets is great if you
    want add growing mushrooms to your food production repertoire.
  2. LABS (Lactic Acid Bacteria) https://www.farm54.com/blog/lactobacillus-how-to-ferment-and-uses
  3. Worm Tea https://unclejimswormfarm.com/a-simple-way-to-make-and-use-worm-tea/

1 Comment

    Javier Kane

    Co-owner of Kodaponics and Aquaponic biochemist.

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